תוצאת חיפוש

מרינה מוטין, עפר קרן, חיים רינג

בית-חולים לוינשטיין, מרכז שיקום, רעננה, הפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

ייעוד הטיפול שיקומי הוא לשפר את איכות חייו של אדם שנפגע, על-מנת שיוכל לחזור לקהילה ולתפקד בה באופן עצמאי במידה המרבית האפשרית. לשם השגת מטרה זו, משלבת הרפואה השיקומית טיפול כוללני של צוות רב-תחומי. עבודות ספורות הוקדשו לבחינה של מידת התועלת של המערך הטיפולי במטופלים בכלל ובנפגעי אירוע מוחי בפרט.

בעבודה הנוכחית נמדדה מידת השיפור שחל בתיפקוד של חולים במהלך אישפוז שיקומי. היכולת לתפקד נמדדה באמצעות מבחן FIM. בנוסף, נמדד מהי כמות הטיפול שניתנה לכל מטופל. כמות טיפול או מנת טיפול הוגדרה כ- 15 דקות של מגע ישיר בין המטפל למטופל. הבחינה של מנת הטיפול שניתנה נבדקה באופן סמוי הן מהמטפל והן מהמטופל. הטיפולים שלגביהם בוצעה המדידה היו בתחומים הבאים: ריפוי בעיסוק, פיזיותרפיה, תיקשורת, תירגול פעילות יומיומית. כל הטיפולים ניתנו על-ידי צוות סיעודי. נמדדה רמת התיפקוד בסמוך להתקבלות לאישפוז השיקומי ולפני השיחרור. נבדקו בנפרד הפעילות המוטורית ופעילות התיפקודים הקוגניטיביים. כמו-כן, נבחן באופן סטטיסטי אם היה קשר בין מנת הטיפול (בכל תחום בנפרד) לבין השיפור שחל בתיפקוד.

באוכלוסיית הנבדקים נכללו 30 חולים שאושפזו לשיקום לאחר אירוע מוחי ראשון. הגיל הממוצע היה 64 שנים ו- 60% מהנבדקים היו גברים. מהלך האישפוז הממוצע היה 74 יום. נבדקה רמת התיפקוד עם ההתקבלות לאישפוז השיקומי ובסמוך לשיחרור, כאשר נבדקו בנפרד היכולת המוטורית והתיפקודים הקוגניטיביים.

הקשר בין כמות הטיפול בפיזיותרפיה לשיפור המוטורי לא היה בעל משמעות סטטיסטית; אפשר להסביר זאת בעובדה שנכללו בעיבוד גם חולים במצב קשה, שטופלו במשך תקופה ארוכה ללא שיפור משמעותי. לעומת זאת, נמצא קשר ישיר בין כמות הטיפולים בריפוי בעיסוק לבין השיפור בתיפקוד.

אחת המסקנות מנתוני העבודה היא, שאם קיים עניין לחזק את הקשר בין כמות הטיפול לבין שיפור בתיפקוד, יש לאפשר למטפלים להתאים את כמות הטיפול בהתאם לצורכי המטופלים. במתן השירות הנוכחי מוגבלת היכולת לווסת את כמות הטיפול בידי צוות השיקום. מאידך, לקביעה מהם הצרכים הטיפוליים השלכות אתיות, מוסריות וכלכליות רבות משמעות. מומלץ שהחלטות כבדות שמקל אלו לא יוטלו על המטפל, אל ייקבעו על-ידי מעצבי מדיניות הבריאות.

Diagnosis and Therapy in Acute Stroke: A Rehabilitation Center Viewpoint

M. Motin, J. Streifler, A. Tsur, H. Ring

Neurological Rehabilitation Dept., Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center, Ra'anana; Neurological Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv

The extent of the diagnostic work-up of patients with acute stroke was evaluated in 101 patients admitted for rehabilitation during a 4-month period in 1997. This included specific blood tests and neuro- and cardiac imaging, and compared the extent of work-up in a community hospital versus a rehabilitation center. Comparisons were also made with similar investigations 10 and 20 years earlier.

Results demonstrated that the trend to admit younger stroke patients (<50 years) to neurological (as opposed to medical) departments observed between 1977-1987 persisted in 1997.

The use of CT scan increased dramatically from 1977 to 1987 (19% vs 78%), and in 1997 was actually 100% The use of carotid duplex and echocardiography increased steadily during the 3 decades reaching 26% and 28% respectively. Tests for thrombophilia were seldom done. However, in neurological departments it was done in about 50% of the younger stroke patients. In neurology departments carotid duplex was done 2 to 3 times more often than in medical departments.

During rehabilitation imaging tests were done once or more in almost half the patients. The results and those of additional blood tests, have led to modification of antithrombotic treatment in 14% of the younger group and 4% of the older group.

We have clearly shown that while stroke work-up has become more comprehensive in recent years, there is still much to do in this field. Stroke units or teams in our general hospitals will increase stroke awareness, improve work-up and hasten definitive treatment.
 

Ambulatory Oral Procedures on Low-Dose Aspirin

Ronen Gaspar, Leon Ardekian, Benyamin Brenner, Micha Peled, Dov Laufer

Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa

Discontinuation of long-term, low-dose aspirin prior to ambulatory oral surgical procedures was assessed in a blind, controlled prospective study. 50 patients on low-dose aspirin who needed dental extractions, periodontal surgery, or other ambulatory oral surgery were randomly divided into test and control groups. The control patients stopped taking aspirin a week before operation, but in the test group aspirin was continued. Before, during and after surgery bleeding time was tested. Although bleeding time was significantly longer when aspirin was continued, in both groups it was within normal limits. Intraoperative hemorrhage was more frequent in those taking aspirin. Hemostasis control posed no problem and there were no postoperative complications in either group. It is concluded that discontinuing low-dose aspirin prior to elective oral surgery is not justified.

Evaluation of Predictive Factors for Stroke Rehabilitation

Abraham Adunsky, Shlomo Levenkrohn, Yehudit Fleissig, Angela Chetrit, Zvia Blumstein

Geriatric Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Depts., Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Our objective was to assess the functional disability of stroke patients by the functional independence measure (FIM) and to examine predictive factors for successful rehabilitation. In 127 consecutive stroke patients efficacy of FIM was 23.9±188, efficiency 0.54±0.45 and 81.9% of patients returned home. Functional improvement was statistically significant (p<0.001) in all FIM domains. Multivariate analysis showed that improvement in FIM score was significantly greater in the younger, among the married, the hemiparetic, and those with an admission FIM of 40-60, while efficiency was related only to type of diagnosis. In addition, the hemiparetic were 3.3 times more likely to return home than the hemiplegic.

We conclude that rehabilitation priorities should be directed towards patients younger than 75 years and to those with an admission FIM of 40-60 points. The results of this study reaffirm the usefulness of the FIM index in assessing stroke rehabilitation.

Diagnosis of Cerebral Embolism by Transesophageal Echocardiography

A. Mahagney, D. Sharif, B. Weller, E. Abineder, B. Sharf

Depts. of Neurology and Cardiology, Bnai Zion Hospital, Haifa

Cerebrovascular events have high mortality and morbidity, especially in the elderly. Ischemia is the main cause and 30% of the ischemic events are embolic and of cardiac origin. The clinical picture is not always typical of the type of stroke, but diagnosis of the mechanism of the event determines treatment. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a sensitive procedure more appropriate for diagnosing emboli of cardiac origin than transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We therefor compared TEE and TTE in the determination of the source of emboli in 65 patients with ischemic stroke but without significant atherosclerotic changes in their carotid arteries, and compared these findings with those in 50 patients without stroke. 68% of the patients had potential sources of emboli according to TEE, compared to only 15% according to TTE. In the control group only 24% had potential sources of emboli by TEE. The findings were: clots in the left atrium, severe aortic atheroma, patent foramen ovale with paradoxical shunt, spontaneous echocardiography contrast, vegetations and mitral valve prolapse. The study showed that TEE is better than TTE in detecting the etiology of embolic stroke in those with normal carotid arteries, thus determining appropriate management.

Quality of Life in Younger Adults after First Stroke

Shenka Alfassa, Revital Ronen, Haim Ring, Aida Dynia, Ada Tamir, Reuben Eldar

Fleischman Unit for Study of Disability, Neurological Ward, Loewenstein Hospital, Ra'anana

To study the effect of stroke on the quality of life in younger adults, 199 patients 17-49 years of age who had sustained a first stroke between 1.11.92 and 31.10.93 were followed up. They were interviewed by telephone at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the event. 2 died during the first year of follow-up, and 8 had recurrent strokes. After 2 years, 8 additional patients had died and 4 had sustained recurrent events. Gradual improvement was reported within all age groups and in all areas. During the 3-6 months period, a mean of 4% improvement occurred in functional capability, 15% in social and recreational activity and 8% in return-to-work. The 6-12 month period showed an increase of 3% in improvement in mean functional capability, 10% in social and recreational activity and 2% in return-to-work. 1 year after the stroke 27% remained with moderate to severe disability, but over 86% were functionally independent in their daily living activities. There were no significant changes during the second year of follow-up in these statistics. 67% of those employed prior to their stroke returned to work and approximately 70% reported a return to prestroke social and recreational activity. These results demonstrate that the relatively high recovery rate and functional improvement during a year of follow-up were not accompanied by similar rates of improvement in emplyment and in social integration. They indicate the need for increased emphasis on long-term psychosocial rehabilitation services within the community.

Hospitalization of the Elderly for Stroke Rehabilitation

D. Gottlieb, M. Kipnis, E. Sister, N. Lipkin, M. Medvedev, S. Brill

Stroke Rehabilitation Unit, Neurogeriatric Dept., Beit Rivka Geriatric Hospital, Petah Tikva

This is a descriptive, longitudinal study of 400 elderly patients admitted for stroke rehabilitation to a geriatric department dedicated to this purpose. We present the demographic, medical, and impairment and disability characteristics on admission, and the outcome of rehabilitation. Mean stay was 54 days and 2/3 became independent and returned home. Functional score on admission was the best predictor of outcome, but age and social support were also significant.